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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

295
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
295
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

339
Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
339
Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management01:26

Peripheral Artery Disease IV: Nursing Management

329
 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
329
Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:27

Peripheral Artery Disease III: Interprofessional Care

231
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by narrowed arteries that diminish blood flow to the extremities. Effective management of PAD requires an interprofessional approach involving various healthcare professionals. The critical aspects of interprofessional care for PAD patients focus on risk factor modification, drug therapy, exercise therapy, nutrition therapy, critical limb ischemia care, and interventional radiology and surgical procedures.The primary treatment goal for PAD...
231
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

360
During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
360
Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

354
Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
354

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Financial Toxicity Among Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Randall A Bloch1, Ezra S Brooks2, Louis L Nguyen3

  • 1Boston Medical Center - Brighton, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA; Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) significantly increases the risk of financial toxicity (FT), leading to hardships in paying for healthcare. Understanding FT is crucial for comprehensive patient care.

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Health Economics
  • Patient Outcomes

Background:

  • Financial toxicity (FT) encompasses financial hardships from healthcare costs.
  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is linked to high healthcare expenses, but its financial impact on patients is understudied.
  • This study aimed to assess FT rates in PAD patients and identify contributing factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of subjective and objective financial toxicity in patients with and without peripheral artery disease.
  • To identify other factors associated with financial toxicity in the peripheral artery disease cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2017-2022).
  • Included individuals over 40, stratified by PAD diagnosis.
  • Defined subjective FT by care delays and medical bill issues; objective FT by out-of-pocket costs exceeding 40% of post-subsistence income.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients showed significantly higher rates of both subjective FT (30.2% vs. 23.4%) and objective FT (6.4% vs. 2.3%).
  • Comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and diabetes also increased FT risk.
  • Medicaid coverage and high income were protective factors against FT, while being never married increased objective FT risk.

Conclusions:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a significant risk factor for both subjective and objective financial toxicity.
  • Vascular surgeons must understand and address financial toxicity to provide complete patient care.