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Tissue and stool microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease patients: diversity differs in patients with
Matěj Hrala1, Tereza Deissová1,2, Petr Andrla1
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Insights
Microbial markers in tissue and stool can predict relapse in pediatric Crohn's disease (pCD). This discovery aids in developing personalized treatments for pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (pIBD).
Area of Science:
- Microbiome research
- Pediatric gastroenterology
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) genetics
Background:
- Pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases (pIBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic conditions with frequent relapses.
- Approximately 30% of pediatric IBD cases experience relapse within a year of diagnosis, necessitating prognostic markers for optimized treatment.
- Current research lacks robust markers to predict relapse in pediatric IBD patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the tissue microbiome in pediatric IBD patients.
- To identify microbial prognostic markers for disease relapse.
- To validate the predictive power of these markers in non-invasive fecal samples.
Main Methods:
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to characterize the tissue and fecal microbiome in a prospective cohort of pediatric CD, pediatric UC, and non-IBD controls.
- Relapse was monitored for one year post-diagnosis.
- Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to assess the predictive value of microbial taxa and clinical scores.
Main Results:
- Relapsing pediatric CD patients showed decreased alpha diversity and altered beta diversity in tissue samples compared to non-relapsing patients.
- The bacterial genus Barnesiella was significantly depleted in the tissue of relapsing pediatric CD patients.
- Barnesiella, Butyricimonas, and Collinsella were identified as tissue microbial markers for pediatric CD relapse, with Barnesiella showing high prognostic power (AUC=0.818).
- Combining Barnesiella with the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI) improved predictive accuracy in both tissue (AUC=0.872) and fecal samples (AUC=0.852).
Conclusions:
- Tissue and fecal microbial markers demonstrate high prognostic power for predicting relapse in pediatric CD patients.
- These findings support the development of non-invasive prognostic tools for pediatric IBD.
- The identified markers provide a foundation for precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies in pediatric IBD.
Background:
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic conditions characterized by periods of clinical remission and relapse. Pediatric cases (pIBD) often have a more complicated disease course, where approximately 30% will develop a relapse within a year of diagnosis. Identifying prognostic markers for pIBD is important to optimize treatment and improve long-term outcomes. Our aim was to analyze the tissue microbiome, identify microbial prognostic markers, and validate their predictive power in non-invasive fecal samples.
Results:
Tissue and fecal microbiome were characterized from a prospective cohort comprising 33 therapeutically naïve pCD and 23 pUC patients, and 26 non-IBD pediatric controls, using amplicon 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Disease relapse was monitored for one year. At diagnosis, relapsing pCD patients exhibited a significantly decreased alpha diversity and altered beta diversity in tissue compared to non-relapsing pCD patients. Specific taxa were differentially abundant in relapsing pCD, with Barnesiella being the most depleted genus in tissue samples. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis identified Barnesiella (AUC = 0.818), Butyricimonas, and Collinsella as individual microbial tissue markers discriminating pCD relapse. Combining Barnesiella with the weighted Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (wPCDAI) further enhanced the specificity and sensitivity of the ROC analysis (AUC = 0.872 in tissue, 0.852 in feces), suggesting potential for non-invasive prognostic markers from stool.
Conclusions:
Tissue and fecal microbial markers can predict relapse in pCD patients with high prognostic power, providing a basis for precision medicine and personalized treatment strategies in pIBD.
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