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Factors Influencing Blood Lactate Concentration During Exercise: A Narrative Review With a Lactate Shuttle
José Antonio Benítez-Muñoz1, Rocío Cupeiro1
1LFE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Science (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|November 16, 2025
Summary
Understanding factors affecting blood lactate concentration ([La-]) is crucial for accurate clinical and athletic assessments. Controlling methodological and biological variables ensures reliable lactate measurements and interpretation.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Biochemistry
- Sports Science
Background:
- Blood lactate concentration ([La-]) is a key biomarker in clinical exercise tests and athletic performance assessments.
- Accurate measurement and interpretation of [La-] are vital for effective training and medical diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review methodological and biological factors influencing blood lactate concentration ([La-]) measurements.
- To enhance the accuracy and interpretation of [La-] data in clinical, research, and athletic settings.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of scientific literature was performed.
- The review focused on studies examining biological and methodological variables affecting [La-] measurement.
Main Results:
- Blood lactate ([La-]) levels are governed by production, transport, and consumption, as per the lactate shuttle theory.
- Methodological and biological factors significantly impact these lactate processes, potentially leading to misinterpretation of results.
Conclusions:
- Recognizing factors influencing [La-] is essential to prevent misinterpretation in research, medical, and training contexts.
- Standardizing measurement conditions and controlling influencing factors are recommended for reliable [La-] monitoring and comparison.
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