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First characterisation of segment-specific teat thermography in dairy goats: rapid temperature dynamics before and
Atakan Çortu1, Gökhan Bozkurt1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkiye.
Abstract:
Infrared thermography (IRT) offers a non invasive method to assess skin surface temperature (SST) and detect physiological changes in teat tissue. However, segment specific SST dynamics in dairy goats during milking have not been previously characterised. This study aimed to quantify the magnitude and direction of SST changes in different teat segments before and after milking. Twenty four clinically healthy Saanen goats, aged 2-5 years (mean body weight 63.10 ± 5.65 kg) in mid lactation, were evaluated. Thermal images were captured immediately before milking (T1), and at 30 s (T2), 5 min (T3), and 10 min (T4) after milking. Each teat was divided into base (B), centre (C), and tip (T) segments, and average (Tavg) and maximum (Tmax) SST were extracted from rectangular regions of interest (5 x 25 pixels). Time significantly affected both Tavg and Tmax across all segments (P < 0.001). SST declined between T1/T2 and T3, followed by partial recovery at T4. The teat tip exhibited the largest changes (Tavg d range: 1.76 to +1.84; Tmax d range: 2.11 to +1.11), indicating high mechanical and vascular responsiveness. No left-right asymmetry was detected (P > 0.05), and intra-observer repeatability was excellent (ICC = 0.92-0.97). These findings indicate pronounced cooling followed by rewarming, reflecting transient vascular and mechanical stress at the teat end. IRT effectively detected these rapid, segment-specific SST changes in dairy goats during milking. The established 10-min response profile provides reliable baseline data for welfare assessment and milking equipment evaluation, supporting the use of IRT as a sensitive, non-invasive tool for monitoring udder health and physiological responses in small-ruminant dairy systems.
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