Dyadic Care Interventions and Outcomes for Mothers and Their Infants: A Scoping Review

Dyadic care of the mother and infant simultaneously may improve postpartum morbidity and mortality. The aim of this scoping review was to synthesize the spectrum of dyadic care models that have been implemented globally, summarize the outcomes measured, and identify research and practice opportunities of maternal-infant dyadic care.

We conducted a comprehensive literature search through December 24, 2024, in 8 databases. The inclusion criteria were original research on interventions that provided care for both the mother and infant within 1 year of delivery, with outcomes reported for at least 1 member of the dyad. Studies were excluded if the evaluated practices are now considered standard of care or were educational only.

A total of 117 studies from 28 countries met the inclusion criteria. Ten dyadic care models were identified: shared medical visits, provision of maternal care at pediatric appointments, group dyadic care, mother-baby psychiatric units, care for mothers in the neonatal intensive care unit, couplet care, home visits by medical professionals, home visits by community health workers, mobile device interventions, and nutritional supplementation during pregnancy. Home visits by medically trained personnel were most frequently studied. Common outcomes assessed were maternal mental health, infant rehospitalization, breastfeeding rates, and implementation outcomes of acceptability and feasibility. Efficacy varied, with some interventions showing positive impacts, particularly those involving trained health professionals over longer periods.

Dyadic care interventions offer a compelling opportunity to streamline services, build trust between families and providers, and improve outcomes across the life course.