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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Transcriptomic profiling confirms microRNA-140 is more functional in joint development than in disease.

Yao Hao1, Hua Lin2, Jamie Soul3

  • 1Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK; Orthopedics Department, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030000, China.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage
|November 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA-140 (miR-140) is crucial for skeletal development, regulating bone formation. Its role in osteoarthritis (OA) is modest, primarily affecting osteophyte development rather than cartilage damage.

Keywords:
Cartilage DevelopmentDMMEndochondral ossificationMicroRNA-140 (miR-140)OsteoarthritisSpatial Transcriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • MicroRNA-140 (miR-140) is implicated in skeletal development and osteoarthritis (OA).
  • Understanding miR-140-5p's specific functions requires detailed investigation.
  • Advanced transcriptomic techniques are needed to identify novel targets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the distinct roles of miR-140 in skeletal development and OA.
  • To identify novel targets of miR-140-5p using transcriptomic profiling.
  • To analyze the spatial expression and function of miR-140-5p in chondrocytes and growth plates.

Main Methods:

  • Generated a global Mir140-null mouse model using CRISPR-Cas9.
  • Performed histological analysis of skeletal development and OA in mice post-destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery.
  • Utilized RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics of chondrocytes and growth plates.

Main Results:

  • Mir140-null mice displayed skeletal defects, including reduced long bones and craniofacial abnormalities.
  • Spatial transcriptomics revealed miR-140-5p's significant role in resting chondrocytes and the perichondrium.
  • In OA models, miR-140 deficiency showed a modest effect on cartilage damage but altered osteophyte formation.

Conclusions:

  • miR-140-5p is essential for skeletal development, regulating endochondral ossification.
  • Spatial transcriptomics identified unique roles for miR-140-5p in resting chondrocytes and the perichondrium.
  • miR-140-5p has a limited impact on cartilage degeneration in OA but modulates osteophyte formation.