Associations of PM_2.5 components and green space with cardiometabolic multimorbidity in middle-aged and older...

The long-term effects of PM_2.5 components and green space on cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations between PM_2.5 components, green space, and their interaction with CMM.

A total of 10,300 participants were included from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The associations between PM_2.5 components, green space, and their interaction with CMM were examined using logistic regression models.

Each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM_2.5 and its components was positively associated with CMM. The odds ratios (ORs) for CMM associated with exposure to PM_2.5, organic matter, and nitrate (NO₃^-) were 1.326 (95% CI: 1.158-1.518), 1.232 (95% CI: 1.081-1.298), and 1.119 (95% CI: 1.041-1.382), respectively. The OR for CMM with each IQR increase in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was 0.776 (95% CI: 0.695-0.866). Green space was found to mitigate the adverse impacts of PM_2.5 and its components on CMM.

Long-term exposure to PM_2.5 and its components have been positively associated with CMM. Green space may help mitigate the positive association between air pollutants and CMM.