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Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can also...
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

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Advancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Liver Cancer: A Systematic Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma Detection Using Abdominal CT Imaging.

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Role of Liver Function Assessment in Portal Venous Interventions and Locoregional Therapies for Liver Tumors.

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Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Diagnosis and Management of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

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Chronic Portal Vein Thrombosis: Diagnosis, Management, and Review of the Literature.

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Preface.

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Rat Model of the Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy ALPPS Procedure
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Liver Augmentation: Rationale, Current Status, and Future Directions.

Jirapa Chansangrat1, Sameer Gadani2

  • 1Section of Interventional Radiology, Imaging institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; School of Radiology, Medical Institute, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.

Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology
|November 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Liver augmentation techniques like PVE and ALPPS enhance future liver remnants (FLR) to enable surgery for liver cancer patients. These methods improve outcomes and reduce complications, transforming liver cancer management.

Keywords:
artificial intelligencecholangiocarcinomahepatocellular carcinomaliver augmentationliver function testliver regenerationportal vein embolization

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Liver augmentation techniques are crucial for managing primary liver cancer and metastases, especially when future liver remnants (FLR) are insufficient.
  • These techniques aim to prevent post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF), a significant cause of mortality after liver surgery.
  • Existing methods include portal vein embolization (PVE), liver venous deprivation (LVD), and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in liver augmentation techniques for liver cancer management.
  • To explore methods for increasing the future liver remnant (FLR) volume and function.
  • To discuss the role of functional assessment tools and emerging innovations in patient selection and outcome prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established liver augmentation techniques (PVE, LVD, ALPPS).
  • Discussion of functional assessment tools (hepatobiliary scintigraphy, MRI with hepatocyte-specific contrast).
  • Exploration of factors influencing liver regeneration and tumor-specific considerations.
  • Inclusion of emerging innovations like artificial intelligence in volumetric assessment.

Main Results:

  • Liver augmentation techniques enable curative surgery for previously inoperable patients by inducing FLR hypertrophy.
  • Functional assessment tools aid in predicting postoperative outcomes and evaluating liver function.
  • Tailored approaches are necessary for specific conditions like hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary malignancies.
  • Artificial intelligence shows potential in enhancing volumetric assessments and patient selection.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in liver augmentation have expanded surgical eligibility for liver cancer patients.
  • These techniques improve oncologic outcomes and reduce postoperative complications.
  • Liver augmentation represents a transformative approach in managing liver cancers, offering better patient outcomes.