Endovascular Management of Bleeding Ectopic Varices

Ectopic varices are dilated nongastroesophageal mesoportal veins that occur due to hepatic portal hypertension, portomesenteric occlusion, or prior abdominal surgeries, with less common causes including congenital conditions. These varices can occur in various locations, including the duodenum, jejunum, large bowel, and biliary system, and can lead to clinically significant gastrointestinal hemorrhages warranting intervention. An understanding of ectopic variceal anatomy and the etiology of variceal bleeding is imperative to optimal treatment. Despite a lack of standardized treatment guidelines, endovascular management remains vital for controlling bleeding and improving patient outcomes.