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Related Experiment Video

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Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions
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Temperature-dependent pollinator-mediated selection on floral thermoregulation.

Matthew H Koski1, Jennifer S Apland1,2, Jacob M Heiling1,3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.

The New Phytologist
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants adapt to temperature by altering floral heat. This study shows that pollinators drive selection for floral warming in cool conditions and cooling in warm conditions, influencing plant adaptation.

Keywords:
floral evolutionlocal adaptationphenotypic selectionpollen viabilitypollinationthermoregulation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • The thermal environment significantly influences plant survival and reproduction.
  • Plants often cannot control their microclimate, making coping with temperature extremes crucial.
  • Floral traits can modify the thermal microenvironment, potentially mitigating negative effects of temperature extremes on plant reproductive success and interactions with pollinators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify selection on floral thermoregulation, defined as the deviation of floral temperature from ambient air temperature.
  • To investigate pollinator-mediated and viability selection on floral thermoregulation in two populations of *Argentina anserina*.
  • To determine how selection on floral temperature varies with geographic location and ambient temperature.

Main Methods:

  • Quantified pollinator-mediated and viability selection on floral thermoregulation.
  • Utilized three fitness components to assess selection.
  • Compared selection patterns in alpine and lower elevation populations of *Argentina anserina* over two seasons.

Main Results:

  • At high elevations, pollinators favored floral warming, evidenced by increased seed number and pollen export.
  • At low elevations, selection favored floral cooling via pollen viability in one season.
  • Across populations and years, selection favored floral warming under cooler conditions and cooling under warmer conditions, primarily driven by pollinator-mediated selection.

Conclusions:

  • Provides the first direct evidence of temperature-dependent selection on floral temperature modulation.
  • Geographic differences in selection patterns suggest local adaptation of plant thermoregulatory mechanisms.
  • Floral temperature regulation is a key trait influenced by environmental temperature and pollinator preferences.