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Related Concept Videos

Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

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On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Regulating Interface Chemistry to Construct a Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Long-Life Zinc Metal Anodes.

Xiaolong Ren1, Chengwen Wu1, Jiwei Zhang2

  • 1MOE Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions & Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Structure and Properties, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study engineered a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) for zinc anodes in aqueous batteries using ultrasonic energy. This approach enhances interfacial stability, suppressing dendrite growth and enabling over 1800 hours of durable battery operation.

Keywords:
Zn anodesacoustic cavitation effectaqueous batteriesinterphase chemistrysolid electrolyte interphase

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation is critical for long-life zinc metal anodes in aqueous batteries.
  • Current methods face challenges in achieving robust and uniform interfacial layers.
  • Zinc dendrite growth and parasitic reactions limit anode performance and battery lifespan.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct a highly robust SEI layer on zinc anodes through precise interface chemistry regulation.
  • To investigate the use of external physical fields, specifically ultrasonic energy, to trigger novel reaction pathways for SEI formation.
  • To enhance the interfacial stability and cycling durability of zinc metal anodes in aqueous batteries.

Main Methods:

  • Precise interface chemistry regulation.
  • Application of an external physical field (ultrasonic energy) to trigger in situ SEI formation.
  • Characterization of the SEI structure and its effect on electrochemical performance.

Main Results:

  • A uniform and stable hybrid SEI structure was rapidly constructed in situ.
  • The engineered SEI effectively suppressed zinc dendrite growth and parasitic reactions.
  • The modified zinc anode demonstrated exceptional cycling durability, operating stably for over 1800 hours at 5 mA cm⁻².

Conclusions:

  • External field-induced reactions offer a novel pathway for regulating interphase chemistry.
  • Ultrasonic energy facilitates the rapid construction of stable hybrid SEI layers.
  • This approach provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance and long-life zinc metal anodes for aqueous batteries.