In-Situ Observation of Atom Motion and Manipulation of Structural Transformation.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Crystallography
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Precise control over structural transformations in crystal materials is crucial for unlocking new functionalities.
• Atomic-scale structural manipulation remains a significant challenge in materials science.

Purpose of the Study:

• To demonstrate direct observation and realization of atomic-scale structural transformation.
• To establish a versatile pathway for synthesizing new functional materials with tailored properties.

Main Methods:

• Utilized high-energy electron beam manufacturing in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
• Introduced potassium (K) and oxygen (O) vacancies in KTaO3 via knock-on energy transfer.
• Employed low-dose, in situ, atomic-scale imaging and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

• Successfully transformed KTaO3 into a new K6Ta10.8O30 phase by manipulating Ta atom movements.
• Observed cooperative movements of all atom species stimulated by the electron beam.
• Validated the controllability and stability of the new K6Ta10.8O30 phase.

Conclusions:

• Electron beam manufacturing provides a controllable method for atomic-scale structural transformation.
• The formation of K6Ta10.8O30 from KTaO3 is energetically favorable under specific vacancy conditions.
• This research offers a new route for synthesizing advanced functional materials.