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Related Concept Videos

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

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Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
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Fungal Phylum Ascomycota01:28

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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

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Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
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In Vitro Activity of Nitroxoline (5-Nitro-8-Hydroxyquinoline) Against Aspergillus Species.

Ada Hoffmann1, Oliver A Cornely2,3,4,5, Jana Vonhoegen1

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Summary

Nitroxoline demonstrates potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus species by chelating zinc, essential for fungal metabolism. This study confirms its excellent in vitro efficacy, suggesting potential for new therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
AspergillusNitroxolineazole‐resistancedrug repurposing

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Antimicrobial research

Background:

  • Nitroxoline is an established antibiotic for urinary tract infections.
  • Its mechanism involves chelating divalent cations, notably zinc.
  • Zinc is crucial for the metabolic processes of Aspergillus species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus species to Nitroxoline.
  • To investigate Nitroxoline's efficacy against fungal pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution.
  • Thirteen Aspergillus isolates were tested, including azole-resistant strains.
  • Testing followed EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) guidelines.

Main Results:

  • The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC50/90) of Nitroxoline against Aspergillus was 0.5 mg/L.
  • This indicates significant potency.

Conclusions:

  • Nitroxoline exhibits excellent in vitro activity against Aspergillus species.
  • The findings suggest Nitroxoline as a potential therapeutic agent against Aspergillus infections.