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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: Genetically Engineered Mouse Models and Pathological Characterization of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Associated Tumors
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Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumours.

Noman Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahzad Shamim1

  • 1Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Dysembryoblastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNETs) are rare brain tumors in children, often causing seizures. Complete surgical removal offers the best outcome and prognosis for these glioneuronal tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Dysembryoblastic neuroepithelial tumours (DNETs) are rare, benign WHO grade I glioneuronal neoplasms.
  • They predominantly affect pediatric and adolescent populations, frequently presenting with intractable epilepsy.
  • DNETs typically manifest in the temporal lobe with distinct MRI characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key features of DNETs.
  • To discuss diagnostic criteria and treatment modalities.
  • To emphasize the importance of surgical resection and follow-up.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNETs.
  • Analysis of histopathological classifications (simple, complex, nonspecific).
Keywords:
Dysembryoblastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET), Seizures, Outcomes

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  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes based on surgical resection completeness.

    • Main Results:

    • Gross total resection is associated with excellent seizure control and favorable prognosis.
    • Incomplete resection correlates with an increased risk of tumor recurrence.
    • Malignant transformation, while rare, necessitates long-term patient surveillance.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis and complete surgical excision are crucial for optimal outcomes in DNET patients.
    • Long-term follow-up is essential for monitoring potential recurrence or transformation.
    • Multidisciplinary management optimizes seizure control and prognosis for DNETs.