Time-deferred consequences: A deep dive into delayed adverse reactions among whole blood donors

The Blood Donor Health is an important component in blood transfusion services. The retention of blood donors is important, if not less than the recruitment of new blood donors. Despite the recognized importance of donor health, several challenges impede the retention of donors. These include the donor experience in the form of adverse reactions ranging from mild to severe which can be immediate or delayed. Such experiences can deter blood donors from returning to donor pool. Our study focuses on the incidence, types, and impacts of delayed adverse reactions (DARs) among whole blood donors in an Indian context, aiming to enhance donor retention through improved safety and experience.

A prospective observational study was conducted at a premier tertiary care and research institute in Central India. The study included 1615 whole blood donors over 6-month period and used telephonic interviews on day 7 for postdonation follow-up. Statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info software, focusing on donor demographics, incidence, and types of DARs, and their association with various factors.

The study found a 6.31% incidence of DARs, the most common being generalized weakness, followed by bruising and painful arms. A higher body mass index (BMI) significantly associated with an increased incidence of DARs. Notably, 75.5% of donors who experienced DARs expressed reluctance toward future blood donations, compared to 2.8% of those without DARs, highlighting the impact of DARs on donor retention.

This study underscores the importance of monitoring and managing DARs to enhance donor safety and experience, thereby improving retention rates. It suggests the need for systematic follow-up protocols, focused strategies for high-risk groups, enhanced support for female donors, standardization in definitions, and robust donor education programs. The findings contribute to the knowledge base on DARs in blood donation, ensuring a reliable blood supply crucial for healthcare.