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Related Concept Videos

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

3.3K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
3.3K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.7K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.8K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.8K
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

3.6K
The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the para...
3.6K
Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

2.4K
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
2.4K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.6K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.6K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation
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Determining the Chemical Composition of Corrosion Inhibitor/Metal Interfaces with XPS: Minimizing Post Immersion Oxidation

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Novel 1,3-Diazepines as Nontoxic Corrosion Inhibitors.

Ana J F Souza1, Priscila M Souza1, Gabriel R Antunes1

  • 1Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciência Exatas, Departamento de Química, Rua Ellis Hermydio Figueira, 783, Aterrado, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro 27213-145, Brazil.

ACS Omega
|November 17, 2025
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Summary

Novel 2-substituted 1,3-diazepines show excellent corrosion inhibition for metals. These compounds are safe, with no predicted toxicity and low in vitro cytotoxicity, making them promising organic corrosion inhibitors.

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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media
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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid

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Metal Corrosion and the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibitors in Less Conductive Media
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Continuous Flow Chemistry: Reaction of Diphenyldiazomethane with p-Nitrobenzoic Acid
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Nitrogen heterocycles are effective corrosion inhibitors via surface adsorption.
  • 1,4- and 1,5-diazepine derivatives show inhibitory activity.
  • 1,3-diazepan-2-ylidenes are unexplored as corrosion inhibitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Synthesize and evaluate novel 2-substituted 1,3-diazepines as corrosion inhibitors.
  • Assess the safety profile of these compounds through in silico and in vitro methods.
  • Explore the potential of 1,3-diazepines in corrosion prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of 2-substituted 1,3-diazepines using ketene dithioacetals.
  • Evaluation of corrosion inhibition efficiency.
  • In silico toxicity prediction.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays against cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, A549, TOV-21G) and fibroblasts (WI-26VA4).

Main Results:

  • Synthesized compounds demonstrated significant corrosion inhibition.
  • In silico analyses predicted no relevant toxicity risks.
  • In vitro assays showed low cytotoxicity against tested cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • 2-substituted 1,3-diazepines are effective organic corrosion inhibitors.
  • The synthesized compounds possess a favorable safety profile.
  • These 1,3-diazepine derivatives represent promising candidates for corrosion control applications.