Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones01:15

NMR Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry of Aldehydes and Ketones

In aldehydes, the hydrogen atom connected to the carbonyl carbon helps distinguish aldehydes from other carbonyl compounds using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The closeness of aldehydic hydrogen to the electrophilic carbonyl carbon highly deshields the hydrogen atom causing its signal to appear around 10 ppm in the ¹H NMR spectra. α hydrogens split the aldehydic proton signal, which helps identify the number of α hydrogens in the molecule. For instance, one α hydrogen creates a doublet for an aldehydic...
NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:30

NMR and Mass Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In ¹H NMR spectroscopy, acidic protons (–COOH) of carboxylic acids are highly deshielded and absorb far downfield, at around 9–12 ppm. The chemical shift value depends on the concentration and solvent used.
While α protons of carboxylic acids absorb at 2–2.5 ppm, β protons absorb further upfield.
Carboxylic acids are easily identified by dissolving them in deuterium oxide, which results in a rapid exchange of the acidic protons with deuterium. This leads to the disappearance of the acidic...
¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview00:58

¹H NMR Signal Integration: Overview

The intensity of a signal, which can be represented by the area under the peak, depends on the number of protons contributing to that signal. The area under each peak is shown as a vertical line called an integral, with the integral value listed under it, as seen in the proton NMR spectrum of benzyl acetate. Each integral value is divided by the smallest integral value to obtain the ratio of the number of protons producing each signal. The ratio reveals the relative number of protons and not...
Applications Of NMR In Biology01:25

Applications Of NMR In Biology

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a very valuable analytical technique for researchers. It has been used for more than 50 years as an analytical tool. F. Bloch and E. Purcell formulated NMR in 1946 and won the 1952 Nobel Prize in Physics  for their work. Biological macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organic molecules including pharmaceutical compounds, can be studied using this versatile tool that exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
The...
Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects01:17

Chemical Shift: Internal References and Solvent Effects

In an NMR sample, precise measurement of the absolute absorption frequencies of nuclei is difficult. A standard internal reference compound is added, and the frequency difference between the reference signal and sample signals is measured.
The internal reference compound generally used in NMR spectroscopy is tetramethylsilane (TMS). TMS is preferred because it is chemically inert, soluble in NMR solvents, and easily removable. Also, the highly shielded methyl protons in TMS yield an intense...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The discovery and development of small molecule immune potentiators (SMIPs) as next-generation vaccine adjuvants, the creation of AS37.

Current opinion in virology·2026
Same author

Multimodal neuromonitoring in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and the association with neurodevelopmental outcomes: A Multicenter Study.

The Journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Trending ability of electrical cardiometry for non-invasive cardiac output monitoring in preterm neonates during the transitional period: a polar plot analysis.

European journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

FASN for diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: a prognostic biomarker after CRS+HIPEC and a therapeutic target.

Journal of translational medicine·2026
Same author

Controlling Macrophage Uptake of Gold Nanoparticles through the Design of an Effective Heterogeneous Coating.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Human Transthyretin with a Tailored Gd(III) Complex as a High-Relaxivity MRI Contrast Agent.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements
08:54

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

Published on: May 1, 2017

26.8K

Fast and Straightforward Lipid Quantification in Pharmaceutical Compositions Using NMR.

Francesco Currò1,2,3, Ander Eguskiza3, Linda Cerofolini1,2,4

  • 1Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff (DICUS), University of Florence, via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.

ACS Omega
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, specifically the PULCON method, accurately quantifies lipids in liposomes. This rapid NMR technique is ideal for quality control in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

More Related Videos

A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity logP Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy
09:32

A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity logP Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy

Published on: January 30, 2019

15.1K
Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues
11:46

Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements
08:54

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

Published on: May 1, 2017

26.8K
A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity logP Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy
09:32

A New Straightforward Method for Lipophilicity logP Measurement using 19F NMR Spectroscopy

Published on: January 30, 2019

15.1K
Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues
11:46

Shotgun Lipidomics of Rodent Tissues

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Liposomes are crucial nanoscale delivery systems in pharmaceuticals.
  • Accurate lipid quantification is essential for liposome formulation quality and efficacy.
  • Existing methods may lack the speed and consistency required for large-scale manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for precise lipid quantification in liposomes.
  • To assess the PULCON (pulse length-based concentration determination) method for analyzing common liposomal lipids.
  • To compare NMR quantification with Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (UPLC-ELSD).

Main Methods:

  • Lipid quantification using NMR spectroscopy with internal reference and external standard PULCON methods.
  • Analysis of lipids including DSPC, DOPC, cholesterol, and DMPE-PEG2K.
  • Comparative analysis with UPLC-ELSD for liposome solutions.

Main Results:

  • Both internal and external standard PULCON NMR methods demonstrated high accuracy, precision, and reproducibility.
  • The PULCON NMR technique provided enhanced consistency and faster analysis times.
  • NMR quantification results were comparable to those obtained via UPLC-ELSD.

Conclusions:

  • PULCON NMR spectroscopy is a reliable and efficient method for lipid quantification in liposomes.
  • The speed and accuracy of PULCON NMR make it suitable for industrial quality control and formulation optimization.
  • This study supports the development of rapid, accurate lipid quantification for pharmaceutical manufacturing.