High-resolution deep learning-reconstructed T2-weighted imaging for the improvement of image quality and...

This study evaluates the impact of high-resolution T2-weighted imaging (T2_HR) combined with deep learning image reconstruction (DLR) on image quality, lesion delineation, and extraprostatic extension (EPE) assessment in prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI).

This retrospective study included 69 patients who underwent mpMRI of the prostate on a 3 T scanner with DLR between April 2023 and March 2024. Routine mpMRI protocols adhering to the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1 were used, including an additional T2_HR sequence [2 mm slice thickness, 4:31 min vs. 4:12 min for standard T2 (T2_S)]. The image datasets were evaluated by two radiologists using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best for sharpness, lesion contours, motion artifacts, prostate border delineation, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence. PI-RADS scoring and EPE suspicion were analyzed. The statistical methods used included the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Cohen's kappa for inter-reader agreement.

T2_HR significantly improved lesion contours (medians of 5 vs. 4, p < 0.001), prostate border delineation (medians of 5 vs. 4, p < 0.001), and overall image quality (medians of 5 vs. 4, p < 0.001) compared to T2_S. However, motion artifacts were significantly worse in T2_HR. Substantial inter-reader agreement was observed in the PI-RADS scoring. EPE detection marginally increased with T2_HR, though histopathological validation was limited.

T2_HR imaging with DLR enhances image quality, lesion delineation, and diagnostic confidence without significantly prolonged acquisition time. It shows potential for improving EPE assessment in prostate cancer but requires further validation in larger studies.