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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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Individual Autonomic Profiles Influence Brain-Heart Connectivity in Tonic Pain.

Jana Luisa Aulenkamp1,2,3, Rasmus B Nedergaard1, Imran Khan Niazi4,5

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Centre for Pancreatic Diseases and Mech-Sense, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.

Journal of Pain Research
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain-heart coherence remained stable during pain, but individual autonomic responses influenced connectivity. This suggests personalized approaches may be needed to understand pain

Keywords:
electrocardiogramelectroencephalogramheart rate variabilityinteroception

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiology
  • Psychophysiology

Background:

  • Acute pain triggers autonomic responses.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) assess brain and autonomic activity, but integrated brain-heart dynamics are often missed.
  • Understanding brain-heart connectivity is crucial for pain research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain-heart coherence using raw electrocardiogram (ECG) and EEG signals during rest and tonic pain.
  • To explore how individual autonomic responses influence brain-heart coupling patterns.
  • To detect direct electrical coupling between brain and heart activity.

Main Methods:

  • Collected raw ECG and EEG data from 33 healthy participants during rest and a cold pressor test (tonic pain).
  • Extracted HRV parameters to quantify autonomic response to pain.
  • Quantified brain-heart connectivity using magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) across frequency bands.
  • Stratified participants based on changes in periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) as a marker of sympathetic modulation.

Main Results:

  • Brain-heart coherence remained stable across conditions, especially in delta bands.
  • Group-level HRV analysis showed increased sympathetic response to pain (decreased NN interval, faster heart rate).
  • Elevated MSC values in theta, alpha-2, and gamma bands were observed in the PRD-decreased group compared to the PRD-increased group.

Conclusions:

  • Brain-heart coherence is stable during resting and tonic pain in healthy individuals.
  • Individual autonomic profiles modulate brain-heart coherence, with distinct patterns observed between PRD subgroups.
  • Coherence analysis offers deeper insights into brain-heart dynamics during pain, beyond single-system measures.