Associations of Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Insomnia with Incident Metabolic Syndrome - The Hispanic Community...

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a common disease associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and insomnia are associated with several metabolic components, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Although studies have shown an association between these sleep disorders and MS, the longitudinal relationship in the US Hispanic/Latino population is still unknown. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of SDB and insomnia, individually and jointly, with incident MS risk over a 6-year follow-up period in a Hispanic/Latino cohort.

We conducted Cox regression analysis in 4625 participants (mean age 44.5±13.4 years, 60.3% women) who did not have MS at baseline, from the main Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos study, adjusting for potential covariates, such as age, sex, BMI, and smoking status. MS was defined by the NCEP ATP-III standard, and SDB (apnea-hypopnea index ≥5) and insomnia (Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale score ≥9) were assessed during baseline.

The prevalence of incident MS with an average 6-year interval was found to be 23.6%. In the fully adjusted model, SDB showed a significant association with incident MS (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.10-1.56), and the comorbidity of SDB and insomnia (COMISA) was associated with an even higher risk of incident MS (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14-1.72), while insomnia alone showed no significant association.

SDB and COMISA were associated with incident MS in the Hispanic/Latino population, and COMISA had a stronger association with MS. These findings underscore the importance of addressing sleep disorders as modifiable risk factors in the prevention and management of MS among the Hispanic/Latino population in the USA.