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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Unique Athletic Gut Microbiomes and Their Role in Sports Performance: A Narrative Review.
Kinga Humińska-Lisowska1, Paweł P Łabaj2, Kinga Zielińska2
1Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
Journal of Human Kinetics
|November 17, 2025
Summary
Elite athletes possess unique gut microbiomes that enhance performance and recovery. These microbial communities, influenced by training and diet, can also pose health risks, necessitating targeted interventions like probiotics.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Sports Science
- Human Physiology
Background:
- The human gut microbiome is integral to health, influencing digestion, metabolism, immunity, and brain function.
- Microbial metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids are vital for energy and metabolic regulation.
- Gut microbiome composition is dynamic, affected by diet, exercise, sleep, and age, with dysbiosis linked to various diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the unique characteristics of the athletic gut microbiome.
- To explore adaptations to training, extreme conditions, and prolonged exertion in athletes.
- To examine the dual role of the gut microbiome in performance enhancement and potential health risks.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the athletic gut microbiome.
- Analysis of factors influencing microbiome composition in athletes.
- Evaluation of interventions for modulating the athletic gut microbiome.
Main Results:
- Elite athletes exhibit distinct gut microbiota profiles, richer in specific microorganisms and functional capabilities.
- The athletic gut microbiome adapts to training phases, extreme environments, and intense physical demands.
- Prolonged exertion and stress can negatively impact the gut microbiome, potentially leading to health issues.
Conclusions:
- The athletic gut microbiome is a key factor in performance and recovery.
- Understanding microbiome dynamics is crucial for athlete health and disease prevention.
- Athlete-specific interventions like prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics show promise for optimizing gut health and performance.
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