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Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors
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Food Distribution, But Not Market Forces, Predict Behavioral Social Tolerance in Rhesus Macaques.

Rosemary A Blersch1,2, Alexander J Pritchard1,2, Jessica J Vandeleest1

  • 1California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.

American Journal of Primatology
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decentralizing food resources in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) increased social tolerance, particularly for lower-ranking individuals. This suggests distributing resources can improve social dynamics and well-being in captive primate groups.

Keywords:
aggressiongroomingnonhuman primatesocial tolerancewelfare

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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Social dynamics
  • Animal welfare

Background:

  • Social inequality in primates often involves resource monopolization by dominant individuals.
  • Behavioral social tolerance, where high-ranking individuals yield resources for group stability, is influenced by factors like resource availability and hierarchy.
  • Understanding the drivers of social tolerance is crucial for improving captive animal well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if decentralizing food resources enhances behavioral social tolerance in rhesus macaques.
  • To assess the impact of reduced resource competition and time of day on co-feeding behavior.
  • To determine if grooming investment influences future social tolerance.

Main Methods:

  • Studied a large group of outdoor-housed rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).
  • Compared social tolerance (aggression and co-feeding) during periods of centralized versus distributed food resources.
  • Analyzed temporal variations in co-feeding and the role of grooming.

Main Results:

  • Distributed resources promoted social tolerance, with effects modulated by dominance rank.
  • Lower-ranking individuals benefited from reduced competition, while high-ranking individuals showed behavioral flexibility.
  • Co-feeding behavior was more prevalent in the afternoon; grooming showed limited evidence of affording future tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • Decentralizing food resources can increase social tolerance and potentially improve the well-being of captive primates.
  • Resource distribution strategies should consider dominance hierarchies for optimal social benefits.
  • Further research may explore long-term effects and other social factors influencing tolerance.