Ultrasound-Mediated Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery in Breast Cancer Therapy: Innovations and Outlook

Breast cancer continues to be one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide. Yet, early detection and treatment progress remain limited by drug resistance, systemic toxicity and poor tumor specificity. Targeted therapy solves these limitations by directing therapeutic agents to cancerous tissues while protecting healthy cells. Nanocarrier-based delivery systems have improved drug solubility while extending circulation time and enabling controlled drug release at tumor sites. This review examines the current integration of ultrasound (US) as a strong external trigger which boosts nanocarrier-mediated therapy effectiveness. The application of continuous and pulsed US shows potential to enhance drug delivery by improving penetration and site-specific activation and spatiotemporal control of therapeutic release through acoustic cavitation and hyperthermia mechanisms. The application of US-responsive nanocarriers demonstrates promising outcomes in breast cancer models, both in vitro and in vivo, by delivering higher drug concentrations to tumors while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The research details the US parameters that affect drug release patterns and therapeutic results. Such systems have been investigated for their dual diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) capabilities, which enable new personalized and image-guided treatment methods. Various case studies and preclinical evaluations demonstrate the advantages of integrating US with nanocarrier systems. The main obstacles to clinical implementation involve standardizing US protocols and enhancing nanocarrier designs, and addressing regulatory requirements. Our previous research works demonstrate how US-guided mediation can be combined with magnetic induction to create a revolutionary breast cancer treatment approach.