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Microbial succession in human tissues postmortem: insights from 2bRAD-M sequencing.

Xin Huang1,2, Jianye Zeng1,2, Fan Yang3

  • 1Institute of Forensic Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

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Summary

Human thanatomicrobiome research reveals organ-specific microbial shifts during decomposition. Microbial signatures in tissues change over postmortem intervals (PMI), offering potential biomarkers for PMI estimation in forensic science.

Keywords:
2bRAD-M sequencingmicrobial successionpostmortem intervalthanatomicrobiome

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Forensic Science
  • Thanatomicrobiome Research

Background:

  • Microbial communities are vital for decomposition, but human internal organ thanatomicrobiome patterns are underexplored.
  • Previous studies focused on animal models or limited human sites (gut, skin), leaving gaps in postmortem microbial dynamics.
  • Understanding postmortem microbial succession is crucial for forensic science and ecological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile microbial succession across seven human tissues at various postmortem intervals (PMIs).
  • To investigate the utility of 2bRAD-M sequencing for human thanatomicrobiome analysis.
  • To identify potential microbial biomarkers for estimating PMI.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 2bRAD-M sequencing technology for microbial profiling.
  • Analyzed microbial communities across seven human tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, calf muscle, gut).
  • Examined samples from various postmortem intervals and compared frozen versus unfrozen cadavers.

Main Results:

  • Significant variations in microbial community composition were observed across different organs and decomposition stages.
  • Proteobacteria dominated early postmortem, followed by Firmicutes.
  • Frozen and unfrozen cadavers showed divergent microbial shifts in the liver and spleen, with limited variation in other tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Human thanatomicrobiome exhibits complex, organ-specific microbial trajectories.
  • Microbial signatures show potential as biomarkers for estimating postmortem intervals.
  • This study enhances understanding of postmortem microbial dynamics and forensic methodologies.