Sarcoma: Cardiovascular and Oncologic Considerations: JACC: CardioOncology State-of-the-Art Review
Daniel S Lefler1, Elise F Nassif Haddad2, Anju Nohria3
1Abramson Cancer Center of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Insights
This review discusses cardiac sarcomas and the cardiotoxicity risks associated with sarcoma treatments, including anthracyclines. It emphasizes risk modification strategies and cardiac surveillance for patients undergoing sarcoma therapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Cardiology
- Tumor Biology
Background:
- Sarcomas are rare connective tissue tumors with diverse histologic subtypes.
- Cardiac sarcomas, including angiosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma, present unique challenges.
- Systemic therapies for sarcomas frequently cause cardiotoxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the unique aspects of cardiac sarcoma care.
- To discuss cardiovascular side effects of systemic sarcoma agents.
- To outline cardiac surveillance strategies for sarcoma patients.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of cardiac sarcomas and treatment-related cardiotoxicity.
- Analysis of cardiovascular risks associated with common sarcoma therapies.
- Examination of risk mitigation and surveillance protocols.
Main Results:
- Cardiac sarcomas require multimodality treatment approaches.
- Anthracyclines are a cornerstone of sarcoma treatment, necessitating cardiotoxicity risk modification.
- Various systemic agents used in sarcoma treatment carry significant cardiovascular risks.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of cardiac sarcomas involves understanding tumor biology and treatment complexities.
- Proactive cardiac surveillance and risk mitigation are essential for sarcoma patients.
- Multidisciplinary care is crucial for optimizing outcomes in patients with cardiac sarcomas.
Abstract:
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of connective tissue tumors that can occur at any anatomical site. This includes the heart and great vessels, where angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, intimal sarcoma, and undifferentiated sarcomas are the dominant histologic subtypes. These presentations are as complex as treatment planning, which often requires a multimodality approach. For these tumors, as well as sarcomas in other sites, multiple treatments carry risks of cardiotoxicity. Crucially, treatment universally includes high cumulative doses of anthracyclines, requiring risk modification using dexrazoxane, infusional administration, or liposomal formulations. Furthermore, multiple other therapies for sarcoma are associated with cardiovascular side effects. This review highlights the unique aspects of care for cardiac sarcomas, cardiovascular considerations of systemic agents used to treat sarcoma, the pediatric sarcoma population, and how cardiac surveillance of sarcoma patients can be approached.
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