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Cranial and Spinal Meninges01:19

Cranial and Spinal Meninges

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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Cranial Meninges
These meningeal layers cover the cranium. The dura mater is the outermost layer of cranial meninges. It is a thick and durable membrane of dense...
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Otogenic meningitis in children.

Laura Lempinen1,2, Riste Saat3,4, Anu Laulajainen-Hongisto5

  • 1Department of Radiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, PB 340, Helsinki, 00029 HUS, Finland. laura.j.lempinen@hus.fi.

Infection
|November 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Otogenic meningitis, a complication of otitis media (middle ear infection), affects children rarely. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause, and deafness is the most frequent long-term complication.

Keywords:
ChildrenDeafnessHearing lossOtitis mediaOtogenic meningitisPost-meningitis sequela

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Otogenic meningitis is a rare but severe intracranial complication of otitis media (OM).
  • Understanding its incidence and characteristics is crucial for timely diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of childhood otogenic meningitis.
  • To compare clinical presentation, pathogens, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes of otogenic versus non-otogenic meningitis.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 47 children with bacterial meningitis (BM) between 2010-2020.
  • Otoscopy and/or imaging used to identify otogenic cases.
  • Calculation of mean annual incidence.

Main Results:

  • Eight (17%) of 47 BM cases were otogenic, with an incidence of 0.3/100,000/year.
  • The classic triad of meningitis symptoms was more frequent in otogenic cases (50% vs. 14%).
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was the predominant pathogen in otogenic meningitis (88%), while Neisseria meningitidis was found in non-otogenic cases.
  • Deafness was the most common long-term sequela (38%), occurring exclusively in children with otogenic meningitis.

Conclusions:

  • The incidence of childhood otogenic meningitis is low (0.3/100,000/year).
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae is the primary causative agent.
  • Deafness is the most significant long-term sequela and is specific to otogenic meningitis.