Non-thrombotic pulmonary artery embolism: radiologic findings and literature review

Non-thrombotic pulmonary embolism (NTPE) is a diverse and under recognized condition caused by various non-thrombotic emboli in the pulmonary artery circulation. The embolic agents, which may include biological, infectious, foreign, or particulate materials, originate from trauma, medical procedures, malignancies, infections, or foreign body migration. Due to its frequently nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable radiologic findings, NTPE presents a major diagnostic challenge. As NTPE can lead to severe complications, early recognition and accurate diagnosis are critical for appropriate management. By integrating recent literature, radiologic findings, and illustrative case examples, this review provides valuable insights into the diagnostic approach and imaging features of NTPE, contributing to improved awareness and clinical decision-making.