Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic...

Gut microbiota dysbiosis has emerged as a significant factor in the pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), a condition characterized by immune dysregulation and skin inflammation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in CSU pathogenesis, highlighting the alterations in microbial composition and function, the mechanisms by which dysbiosis triggers systemic inflammation and skin mast cell activation, and the impact of microbial metabolites. We critically evaluate the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as novel treatment strategies for CSU. Despite the evident promise of these approaches, significant challenges persist, including the necessity for personalized interventions, the collection of long-term efficacy and safety data, and a more profound understanding of the complex interplay between the gut and skin. Future research endeavors must prioritize the execution of clinical trials that evaluate the efficacy of gut microbiota modulation in CSU patients and the identification of biomarkers that can effectively predict treatment response.