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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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  11. Safety Of Fluoroquinolones In Pediatric Patients: Pharmacovigilance Database Analysis

Safety of fluoroquinolones in pediatric patients: Pharmacovigilance database analysis

Olga Butranova1, Yury Kustov1, Sergey Zyryanov1,2

  • 1Department of General and Clinical Pharmacology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Named After Patrice Lumumba (RUDN), Moscow, Russia.

The International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine
|November 18, 2025

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fluoroquinolones (FQs) like levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin are increasingly prescribed to children. This study found that immune and skin-related adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were most common in pediatric patients receiving FQs.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Pediatric Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates increased use of fluoroquinolones (FQs) in pediatric patients.
  • National pharmacovigilance databases offer insights into the real-world safety of FQs in children.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the types and structure of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with fluoroquinolone use in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of spontaneous reports from the Russian National Pharmacovigilance database (April 2019 - January 2024).
  • Inclusion of 280 pediatric spontaneous reports (SRs).

Main Results:

  • Adolescents (62.9%) were the most affected age group, with a mean age of 12.1 years.
Keywords:
ciprofloxacinfluoroquinoloneslevofloxacinmoxifloxacin

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  • Levofloxacin (49.6%), ciprofloxacin (31.1%), and moxifloxacin (15%) were the leading FQs.
  • Most frequent ADRs involved immune disorders (18.9%), gastrointestinal issues (15.0%), and skin reactions (14.7%), with urticaria and diarrhea being common.

    • Conclusions:

    • Levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin are frequently associated with ADRs in pediatric patients.
    • Allergic reactions are the predominant type of ADRs observed.
    • Close monitoring of pediatric patients receiving FQs is crucial throughout treatment and post-discharge.
    pediatrics
    pharmacoepidemiology and pharmacoeconomics
    pharmacology
    pharmacovigilance