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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Forming, Confining, and Observing Microtubule-Based Active Nematics
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Dynamic patterns and phase transitions in confined active particle systems.

Roshan Singh1, Ramakrishna Ramaswamy2, Sujin B Babu1

  • 1Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Out of Equilibrium Group, Department of Physics, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.

Physical Review. E
|November 18, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active particles self-propelled particles (SPPs) organize around attractive targets, forming dynamic clusters. Their collective behavior transitions from disordered to ordered states based on alignment and particle number, revealing emergent order in response to environmental cues.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Complex Systems
  • Soft Matter

Background:

  • Active systems exhibit self-organization driven by self-propulsion, environmental stimuli, and interactions.
  • Understanding collective behavior in these systems is key to fields like robotics and biological pattern formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic organization of self-propelled particles (SPPs) around attractive targets.
  • To explore how alignment sensitivity, particle number, and noise influence cluster formation and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Simulations of SPPs interacting with spatially distributed attractive points.
  • Systematic variation of key parameters: alignment sensitivity, particle number, and noise levels.
  • Analysis of emergent cluster dynamics, phase transitions, and spatial patterns.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct regimes of cluster formation: disordered, ordered rotating, and ordered static clusters.
  • Observed a weakly second-order phase transition from disordered to ordered states.
  • Demonstrated that alignment strength and particle number dictate cluster symmetry and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Active particles can exhibit emergent order around competing environmental cues.
  • Alignment sensitivity and noise are critical factors controlling collective behavior and pattern formation in active matter.
  • The study provides insights into how self-propelled agents navigate and organize in complex environments.