Privacy at the Heart of Intensive Care Units: An Integrative Review of Dimensions, Challenges and Protective...

Privacy represents a fundamental aspect of healthcare ethics, critically influencing patient safety and dignity. In intensive care units (ICUs), protecting privacy becomes particularly challenging due to the complex clinical environment and vulnerable patient population.

This study aimed to systematically identify the dimensions, challenges and protective strategies related to patient privacy in intensive care settings.

An integrative review was conducted. Comprehensive searches were performed across multiple databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, ProQuest and Magiran in December 2024, supplemented by grey literature screening.

From 1327 initial records, 10 studies met inclusion criteria after rigorous evaluation. The synthesis revealed six fundamental privacy dimensions: physical, informational, psychological-social, familial, religious-spiritual and individual autonomy. Key protective strategies included environmental modifications for physical privacy, implementing strict information protocols, providing culturally competent care, facilitating family involvement, respecting spiritual needs and promoting patient autonomy through shared decision-making.

Privacy in ICU settings constitutes a multidimensional concept requiring comprehensive protection approaches. Effective privacy preservation necessitates both structural interventions and cultural changes within healthcare teams, emphasising respectful communication and patient participation in care decisions.

The findings provide evidence-based guidance for developing privacy protection protocols, staff education programs and ICU design modifications. Implementing these strategies can significantly enhance patient dignity, improve care experiences and foster ethical practice in critical care settings.