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Related Concept Videos

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
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Hand hygiene01:23

Hand hygiene

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
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Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

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The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
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Modern Surgical Site Infection Prevention: Evidence, Gaps, and Future Directions.

Raghunath Prabhu1, Mohamed S Mohamed2, Tariq Alhammali3

  • 1Colorectal Surgery, Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, GBR.

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|November 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a major surgical complication, worsened by drug-resistant organisms. This review synthesizes evidence on multimodal prevention strategies, from patient optimization to novel materials, to reduce infection risk.

Keywords:
antimicrobial stewardshipartificial intelligence & machine learningmultidrug resistancepostoperative remote surveillancessisurgical site infection

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Surgical Innovation
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Surgical site infections (SSIs) represent a significant challenge in healthcare, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and costs.
  • The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms complicates traditional prevention strategies.
  • Current prevention programs face practical limitations despite data-driven approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and synthesize current evidence on multimodal strategies for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs).
  • To identify the most effective prevention measures and persistent implementation gaps.
  • To outline future research and clinical practice priorities for SSI reduction.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes existing scientific literature on SSI prevention.
  • Evidence was gathered across the perioperative pathway, including preoperative, intraoperative, and emerging therapeutic domains.
  • Focus was placed on measures with strong supporting evidence and novel approaches.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative patient optimization (e.g., glycemic control, nutrition) and intraoperative technical precision are foundational.
  • Emerging technologies like antimicrobial sutures, surface coatings, and immunomodulation offer targeted protection.
  • Multimodal approaches combining patient-centered care with advanced interventions show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Effective SSI prevention requires a comprehensive, multimodal strategy addressing patient, procedural, and technological factors.
  • Addressing MDR organisms and implementation challenges is crucial for advancing prevention.
  • Future research should focus on personalized, risk-adapted strategies and robust implementation science.