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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

696
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 11, 2026

A Machine Learning Approach to Design an Efficient Selective Screening of Mild Cognitive Impairment
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The Language and Memory Test: Multinational Feasibility Study of a Digital Test to Measure Cognitive Change.

Victoria M Leavitt1, Leila Simani1, Marcus W Koch2

  • 1Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|November 18, 2025
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Summary

The Language and Memory Test (LMT) is a feasible, brief digital tool assessing cognition in adults. It shows good reliability and tolerability for clinical trials and care.

Keywords:
cross‐culturalmultidomainoutcome measures

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Digital Health

Background:

  • Brief cognitive assessments are crucial for research and clinical applications.
  • Existing tools may lack cross-cultural applicability or ease of use.
  • The Language and Memory Test (LMT) was developed as a novel digital cognitive assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and psychometric properties of the LMT.
  • To assess test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and tolerability.
  • To examine equivalence across different settings, languages, and age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A feasibility study involving 440 adults (18-84 years) across Canada, Iran, and the US.
  • In-person and remote administration, supervised and unsupervised.
  • Data collected on test-retest reliability, internal consistency, tolerability, and equivalence.

Main Results:

  • High completion rate (99%) indicating good tolerability.
  • Medium to large test-retest reliability for most subtests (e.g., Finger tapping r=0.892).
  • Age-related performance declines observed; equivalence varied across groups and settings.

Conclusions:

  • The LMT is a feasible, brief, multidomain cognitive tool for healthy and neurologic populations.
  • It is suitable for both in-person and remote administration.
  • Further validation is needed for cross-cultural use and sensitivity to change.