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Natural Transformation, Protein Expression, and Cryoconservation of the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Phormidium lacuna
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Diel expression dynamics in filamentous cyanobacteria.

Sarah J Kennedy1, Douglas D Risser2, Blair G Paul1

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Filamentous cyanobacteria like Nostoc punctiforme exhibit distinct daily cycles, partitioning cellular processes between light and dark periods. This study reveals dynamic gene expression and mobile genetic elements, crucial for multicellular adaptation.

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cyanobacteriadiel cyclehypermutationprophageregulation of gene expressionretroelements

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Circadian Biology
  • Genomics and Transcriptomics

Background:

  • Filamentous cyanobacteria (Nostocaceae) adapt to stress via multicellularity and symbiosis.
  • Laboratory cultivation under constant light deviates from natural diel cycles, potentially inducing stress.
  • Nostoc punctiforme shows potential for a circadian clock, but diel dynamics are poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively assess cellular process and mobilome expression changes in N. punctiforme PCC 73102 during diel growth.
  • To investigate the impact of natural diel cycles on gene expression in a model filamentous cyanobacterium.
  • To uncover novel regulators of circadian rhythm and understand genome plasticity in N. punctiforme.

Main Methods:

  • Global transcriptome analysis of N. punctiforme PCC 73102 over a natural diel cycle.
  • Identification and characterization of oscillating gene expression patterns.
  • Analysis of mobile genetic elements and their expression dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Precise coordination of photosynthesis and carbon assimilation during the day; DNA recombination and repair in darkness.
  • Discovery of a putative circadian rhythm regulator with strong day-night expression oscillation.
  • Identification of dynamic mobile elements and targeted retroelement hypermutation for conflict mitigation.

Conclusions:

  • Diel cycles significantly partition cellular processes in N. punctiforme, with distinct light and dark phase activities.
  • N. punctiforme possesses a complex circadian regulatory system, including novel light-sensing proteins.
  • Dynamic mobilome activity and targeted hypermutation are key adaptive mechanisms for multicellularity and genome plasticity.