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Related Concept Videos

Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions02:15

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Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
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Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

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In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
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Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

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Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...
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Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis02:29

Ethers from Alcohols: Alcohol Dehydration and Williamson Ether Synthesis

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Overview
Ethers can be prepared from organic compounds by various methods. Some of them are discussed below,
Preparation of Ethers by Alcohol Dehydration
In this method, in the presence of protic acids, alcohol dehydrates to produce alkenes and ethers under different conditions. For example, in the presence of sulphuric acid, dehydration of ethanol at 413 K yields ethoxyethane, whereas it yields ethene at 443 K.
12.5K
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction02:23

Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction

12.0K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts
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Solar-Driven Electrochemical Green Fuel Production from CO2 and Water Using Ti3C2Tx MXene-Supported CuZn and NiCo Catalysts

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High-Concentration Alcohol Generation in Bipolar Membrane CO Electrolyzer.

Wenjin Zhu1, Qiu-Cheng Chen1, Yiqing Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|November 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel forward-biased bipolar membrane (FB-BPM) system for efficient electrochemical reduction of CO2 and CO into valuable liquid products like acetate and alcohols, minimizing crossover and enhancing selectivity.

Keywords:
CO electroreductionForward‐biased bipolar membraneHighly concentrated alcohols production

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) can produce multicarbon liquid products.
  • Conventional anion exchange membrane (AEM) systems suffer from significant liquid product crossover and unwanted anodic oxidation, reducing efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved electrochemical system for producing multicarbon liquid products with high selectivity and minimal crossover.
  • To investigate the use of a forward-biased bipolar membrane (FB-BPM) system to overcome limitations of AEMs.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a forward-biased bipolar membrane (FB-BPM) system.
  • Tuning catalyst composition (CuZn, CuSn) to modulate adsorption of *H and *OH intermediates.
  • Operating the system to sustain a highly alkaline environment near the cathode.

Main Results:

  • Achieved <10% liquid product crossover, significantly reducing separation costs.
  • Suppressed ethylene and hydrogen production, favoring desired liquid products.
  • Demonstrated >25 wt% acetate production on CuZn and >15 wt% alcohol production on CuSn directly from the cathode outlet stream.

Conclusions:

  • The FB-BPM system offers a highly efficient route for electrochemical synthesis of multicarbon liquids.
  • Catalyst tuning in conjunction with the FB-BPM system enables selective production of acetate and alcohols.
  • This approach enhances overall efficiency and product stream purity for CO2 and CO electroreduction.