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Multiple mutations in Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene in phosphine resistant Rhyzopertha Dominica populations
Ranjith Hagalavadi Vijaykumar1, M N Rudra Gouda2,3, Anil Dahuja4
1Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, 250110, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Background:
The lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), is a major pest of stored grains, and its resistance to phosphine fumigant poses a significant challenge to grain storage management in India. Mutations in the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld) gene have been associated with phosphine resistance in this pest.
Methods And Results:
This study investigated phosphine resistance in 15 field populations of R. dominica collected across north and northeastern India. Discriminating dose bioassays classified the populations into strong and weak resistant categories. Resistance genotyping was conducted using cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and phylogenetic analysis revealed a predicted clustering pattern between strong and weak resistant populations. A total of 14 variants were identified in the dld gene, with the Y3C variant being the most prevalent, followed by P49S and E69K. Strongly resistant populations predominantly carried both Y3C and P49S mutations. The population from Kota was found to harbor a significantly higher number of uncharacterized mutations.
Conclusion:
The findings indicate a widespread presence of phosphine resistance among R. dominica populations in India, driven largely by specific mutations in the dld gene. These insights highlight the need for resistance monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the spread of phosphine resistance in stored grain pests.
