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BoSKU5-BoARF8 complex modulates leaf margin development via the BoUIF1-BoCUC2 cascade in kale
Yuting Zhang1, Xin Feng1,2, Yang Liu1
1College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology
|November 18, 2025
Summary
The glycosyltransferase BoALG10 facilitates smooth leaf margins in kale by N-glycosylating Skewed5 (SKU5). This interaction regulates auxin signaling and cell wall modification, revealing a novel pathway for plant development and genetic improvement.
Area of Science:
- Plant Biology
- Molecular Genetics
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Leaf shape variation is crucial for plant development and photosynthesis.
- The glycosyltransferase BoALG10 is linked to smooth leaf traits in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala).
- The precise molecular mechanism of BoALG10's function in leaf development was previously unknown.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which BoALG10 influences leaf shape.
- To identify proteins interacting with BoALG10 and their role in leaf margin development.
- To uncover the genetic pathway regulating smooth leaf margins in kale.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative N-glycoproteomics was employed to compare BoALG10 overexpression lines with wild-type kale.
- Site-directed mutagenesis was used to investigate the function of the N-glycosylation site on BoSKU5.
- Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyzed gene expression changes following BoSKU5 mutation.
- Yeast two-hybrid screening identified protein interactions, specifically between BoSKU5 and BoARF8.
Main Results:
- N-glycosylation of cupredoxin domain-containing protein Skewed5 (SKU5) by BoALG10 was identified.
- Mutating the Asn-444 glycosylation site in BoSKU5 impaired its nuclear localization and function in maintaining smooth leaf margins.
- BoSKU5 mutation altered expression of auxin signaling and cell wall modification genes.
- BoARF8 was identified as an interacting transcription factor that promotes smooth leaf margins by regulating BoUIF1.
- The BoSKU5-BoARF8 complex enhances the BoARF8-BoUIF1 cascade, which represses BoCUC2, a key leaf margin regulator.
Conclusions:
- A novel molecular module (BoSKU5/BoARF8-BoUIF1-BoCUC2) regulating leaf margin development has been discovered.
- Skewed5 (SKU5) plays a significant role in leaf margin development through its interaction with BoARF8 and regulation of downstream genes.
- This research provides critical insights into the genetic control of leaf shape and offers potential avenues for genetic improvement in plants.
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