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Gynecologic Cancers: Cervical Cancer
Bindusri Paruchuri1, Amanda Miller1
1Department of Family Medicine at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, College of Medicine- Nashville, TN.
FP Essentials
|November 18, 2025
Summary
Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, requires focus on risk factors like human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and encourages vaccination. Early detection through screening and timely referral for advanced treatment improves survival rates.
Area of Science:
- Gynecology
- Oncology
- Public Health
Background:
- Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern, particularly in developing nations, and the second most common pregnancy-associated malignancy.
- While less prevalent in the U.S., its preventability necessitates a focus on risk identification, primary prevention, and early detection strategies.
- Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary risk factor, underscoring the importance of HPV vaccination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline current understanding and management strategies for cervical cancer, emphasizing prevention, screening, and treatment.
- To highlight the role of HPV vaccination and screening methods in primary and secondary prevention.
- To discuss diagnostic imaging, staging, and multidisciplinary treatment approaches, including fertility-sparing options.
Main Methods:
- Review of cervical cancer risk factors, focusing on HPV infection and vaccination.
- Description of cervical cancer screening modalities: cytology, HPV testing, and cotesting.
- Outline of diagnostic workup including imaging (MRI, CT, PET) and staging.
- Discussion of management guidelines, referral protocols, and treatment options (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy).
Main Results:
- The 5-year survival rate for cervical cancer is approximately 68.0%, highly dependent on the stage at diagnosis.
- Effective management relies on adherence to screening guidelines and prompt referral for advanced disease.
- Fertility-sparing treatments are viable options for select patients with appropriate counseling.
Conclusions:
- Cervical cancer management requires a comprehensive approach encompassing prevention, early detection, accurate staging, and tailored treatment.
- Multidisciplinary care and survivorship planning are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
- Continued emphasis on HPV vaccination and screening is essential for reducing the global burden of cervical cancer.
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