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Quantification of Neurovascular Protection Following Repetitive Hypoxic Preconditioning and Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Mice

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The Protective Effect of High-Pressure Ischemic Preconditioning on Rowing Performance During Consecutive 2000-m

Ming-Chia Weng¹, Pei-Chen Lee², Xiang Dai³

¹Department of Physical Education, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

|November 18, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-pressure ischemic preconditioning (HIPC) enhances repeated rowing performance by improving muscle oxygen use. This method, along with low-pressure ischemic preconditioning (LIPC), sustains athlete output during intense exercise.

Keywords:

blood-flow restriction endurance power

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Published on: May 9, 2013

Area of Science:

Exercise Physiology
Sports Science
Cardiovascular Research

Background:

Ischemic preconditioning (IP) involves brief periods of ischemia and reperfusion.
Low- and high-pressure ischemic preconditioning (LIPC and HIPC) are variations of IP.
The effects of LIPC and HIPC on rowing performance and muscle oxygenation require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the effects of LIPC and HIPC on muscle oxygenation, physiological responses, and performance during repeated 2000-m rowing trials.
To compare the efficacy of LIPC and HIPC against a traditional warm-up protocol.

Main Methods:

A counterbalanced, repeated-measures crossover study involving eleven elite high school rowers.
Participants underwent three warm-up protocols: control (CON), LIPC (100-190 mmHg), and HIPC (210-300 mmHg).
Measurements included blood lactate, heart rate, RPE, muscle tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), mean power, and time for two 2000-m rowing efforts.

Main Results:

Both LIPC and HIPC induced significantly greater reductions in vastus lateralis StO2 compared to CON.
No significant differences were observed in blood lactate, heart rate, or RPE between groups.
HIPC significantly improved second-trial rowing performance and mean power output compared to CON and LIPC, with consistent pacing.

Conclusions:

Ischemic preconditioning, particularly HIPC, enhances repeated high-intensity rowing performance.
HIPC improves muscle oxygen extraction and sustains power output during intense exercise.
IP offers practical benefits for endurance athletes seeking to optimize performance.