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Relationship Between Shoulder External Rotation and Glenohumeral Joint Alignment Changes in Baseball Players.

Makoto Takahashi1,2, Hirotaka Mutsuzaki3,4, Koji Iwamoto5

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Increased shoulder external rotation causes posterior humeral head translation, potentially leading to throwing injuries. This study clarifies glenohumeral joint mechanics during the late cocking phase.

Keywords:
humeral head translationlate cocking phasephysical assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Throwing injuries are common in athletes.
  • Understanding glenohumeral joint mechanics is crucial for injury prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of shoulder external rotation on humeral head alignment.
  • To determine the relationship between humeral head translation and posterior glenohumeral distance.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure humeral head translation and posterior glenohumeral distance.
  • Measurements were taken on 28 baseball players' throwing shoulders at various external rotation angles (90°, 100°, 110°).

Main Results:

  • Posterior translation of the humeral head significantly increased at 110° external rotation compared to 90° (P = .003).
  • Humeral head translation correlated with posterior glenohumeral distance at 90° and 100° external rotation.

Conclusions:

  • Greater shoulder external rotation leads to increased posterior humeral head translation and proximity to the posterior glenoid rim.
  • These biomechanical changes during the late cocking phase may contribute to throwing shoulder injuries.