Cultural models within general practice training: a scoping review.

Area of Science:

• Medical Education
• Public Health
• Cross-cultural Healthcare

Background:

• General practitioners (GPs) increasingly manage cross-cultural consultations.
• Cultural models aim to enhance culturally appropriate healthcare and equity.
• Evidence on these models in GP training requires mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

• To map evidence on cultural competence, safety, humility, and transcultural care models in global GP training.
• Identify existing frameworks and their application in medical education.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework.
• Searches included databases and grey literature (e.g., curricula).
• Articles were extracted, reviewed, and analyzed based on inclusion criteria.

Main Results:

• Nineteen articles published between 2008-2024 met the inclusion criteria.
• Publications originated from Australia (10), USA (5), Sweden (2), Canada (1), and the Netherlands (1).
• Three learning themes emerged: Unlearning, Informal Learning, and Informed Learning, indicating knowledge gaps in model application and teaching.

Conclusions:

• Cultural models promote awareness, address power imbalances, and encourage self-reflexivity.
• Integrating cultural models in healthcare can reduce health inequities.
• Formal learning of cultural models, delivered by GP trainers with cultural mentors, is recommended to address biases in patient care.