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Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
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Quantum Orbital-to-Spin Conversion by Ferroelectric Topological Switch.

Zhiqi Chen1, Yingxi Bai1, Mahmoud Zeer2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.

Nano Letters
|November 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces quantum orbital-to-spin conversion, merging orbitronics and spintronics. Ferroelectricity switches topological states, converting orbital Hall effects to spin Hall effects for advanced electronics.

Keywords:
ferroelectricorbital Hall effectorbital-to-spin conversionquantum spin Hall effecttopological phase transition

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Quantum electronics

Background:

  • Orbitronics is an emerging field focusing on orbital angular momentum.
  • Spintronics utilizes electron spin for electronic devices.
  • Integrating these fields is crucial for next-generation electronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce quantum orbital-to-spin conversion.
  • To demonstrate ferroelectricity-driven topological phase transitions.
  • To explore the fusion of spintronics, orbitronics, and topological electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of quantum orbital-to-spin conversion.
  • Analysis of ferroelectric control over topological states.
  • Investigating angular momentum transport mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Ferroelectricity enables conversion of quantized orbital Hall effect to quantum spin Hall effect.
  • Switching electric polarization drives topological phase transitions.
  • Control over spin- and orbital-dominated angular momentum transport is achieved.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals novel spin-orbital interplay.
  • A mechanism for naturally fusing spintronics, orbitronics, and topological electronics is presented.
  • This work paves the way for integrated quantum devices.