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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pediatric submandibular gland tuberculosis: a case report.

Diwan Israr Khan1, Sana Jameel2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. israrjnmch@gmail.com.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Primary submandibular tuberculosis in children is exceptionally rare. This case highlights the importance of clinical vigilance for diagnosing this uncommon extrapulmonary tuberculosis presentation, even without systemic symptoms.

Keywords:
MycobacteriumCase reportExtrapulmonary tuberculosisFNACSubmandibular gland

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Microbiology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, with India reporting millions of cases annually.
  • Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) constitutes a notable percentage of TB cases, presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Primary submandibular gland tuberculosis is exceedingly rare, particularly in the pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of primary tuberculosis affecting the submandibular gland in a pediatric patient.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic considerations and clinical vigilance required for submandibular gland tuberculosis in children.
  • To contribute to the understanding of rare extrapulmonary manifestations of tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • A case presentation of a 9-year-old female child with a 25-day history of a non-tender submandibular swelling.
  • Clinical examination revealed a 2.5 cm x 2.0 cm swelling in the left submandibular region.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), identifying granulomas suggestive of tuberculosis.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with localized submandibular swelling without typical systemic tuberculosis symptoms (fever, cough, weight loss).
  • FNAC results were consistent with granulomatous inflammation, leading to the diagnosis of primary submandibular gland tuberculosis.
  • The patient had a remote family history of tuberculosis.

Conclusions:

  • Primary tuberculous involvement of the submandibular salivary gland is a rare entity in pediatric patients.
  • Diagnosis relies on a combination of clinical presentation, FNAC, and potentially polymerase chain reaction or histopathology.
  • Prompt antitubercular treatment is the cornerstone of management for this condition.