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Coherent Perfect Absorption and Amplifying System Enabled Ultrasensitive Ammonia Gas Sensing.

Jianhui Wu1,2, Jiaqi Lu1,2, Jie Li1,2

  • 1College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.

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|November 19, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances radio frequency (RF) coherent perfect absorber-amplifier (CPAA) systems for ultrasensitive sensing. The new strategy significantly boosts detection sensitivity for trace-level ammonia, surpassing existing technologies.

Keywords:
ammonia sensorcoherent perfect absorption-lasing (CPAL)non-Hermitian physicsradio frequencyultrahigh sensitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Coherent perfect absorption and lasing (CPAL) offers high-quality factor sensing platforms.
  • Existing radio frequency (RF) coherent perfect absorber-amplifier (CPAA) systems face challenges like stringent impedance matching and parasitic effects.
  • Low-parasitic capacitive sensors for high-frequency applications are scarce, limiting practical sensor integration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a strategy for precisely tuning CPAA systems with capacitive sensors to their theoretical singular point for enhanced sensitivity.
  • To overcome limitations in current RF CPAA systems and capacitive sensors for practical ultrasensitive detection.

Main Methods:

  • Co-optimization of the CPAA configuration and capacitive sensor design.
  • Integration of a capacitive sensor with a CPAA system.
  • Precise tuning of the operating point toward the theoretical singular point.

Main Results:

  • Achieved record sensitivities of 123 kHz/ppm and 0.2 dB/ppm for trace ammonia detection.
  • Demonstrated relative sensitivities of 0.06% and 0.42%/ppm, exceeding conventional capacitive sensing by an order of magnitude.
  • Outperformed state-of-the-art RF sensor platforms in sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed strategy unlocks superior detection sensitivity by precisely tuning CPAA systems to their singular point.
  • This approach provides a generalized framework for improving RF capacitive sensor performance.
  • Opens new avenues for practical ultrasensitive chemical and biological detection technologies.