Evaluating the General Public's Knowledge of Malaria: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium, transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Despite global efforts, malaria remains a major health burden in developing countries. In Tanzania, cultural beliefs and misconceptions often delay treatment, especially in rural areas. This article aims to evaluate the level of malaria knowledge among the Tanzanian population and identify demographic factors associated with disparities in awareness. This cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2021-2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, analyzing responses from 18,747 individuals aged 15 years and older. Data on malaria-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected through standardized questionnaires. Malaria knowledge varied significantly by age, gender, education, and location (p < 0.05). Awareness was highest among individuals aged 20-24 and lowest among those over 50. Urban residents had greater knowledge than their rural counterparts. Education was strongly linked to awareness, with those having secondary or higher education scoring better. Male-headed households showed slightly higher knowledge levels. Media exposure and mobile phone ownership were also associated with increased malaria awareness. Bridging knowledge gaps through targeted education, digital tools, and improved rural health infrastructure is essential for effective malaria control in Tanzania.