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Human-Mediated Dispersal Routes Structure Sahara Mustard Genomics.

Daniel E Winkler¹, Kenneth J Chapin², Waffa M Amer³

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.

Molecular Ecology

|November 19, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Human activities have driven the spread of invasive Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii). Genetic analysis reveals complex population mixing and human-mediated movement across native and invaded ranges, influencing its invasive success.

Keywords:

Brassicaceae agricultural selection crop wild relatives excess heterozygosity genotyping‐by‐sequencing invasion biology migrations

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Genetics
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Human globalization and trade accelerate invasive species spread and evolution.
Invasive success depends on introduction size, genotypes, evolutionary history, and human interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the population structure and movement of Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii) in native and invaded regions.
To reconstruct the invasion history and identify human-mediated dispersal pathways of Sahara mustard.

Main Methods:

Analyzed genetic variation in 312 individuals of Sahara mustard from 31 sites across native and invaded ranges (U.S., Australia).
Utilized population genetics to infer population structure, gene flow, and origins of invasive populations.

Main Results:

Sahara mustard exhibits substantial genetic mixing within its native range, with Egypt as a potential hub.
Egyptian and Moroccan genotypes are likely origins of U.S. invasive populations; Australian populations may have served as a bridgehead.
Agricultural varieties show mixed genotypes; excess heterozygosity suggests admixture with cultivated Brassica species.

Conclusions:

Human activities significantly mediate the movement and mixing of Sahara mustard genotypes within and beyond its native range.
Understanding population structure and human-mediated dispersal is crucial for managing invasive species like Sahara mustard.