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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 3, 2026

Compact Quantum Dots for Single-molecule Imaging
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Multi-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Carboxylated Carbon Quantum Dots.

Ye Zhang1, Yiming Luo1, Jie Nan1

  • 1College of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|November 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel multi-responsive hydrogel sensor using carboxylated carbon quantum dots (CCQDs). This advanced material offers enhanced sensitivity, stretchability, and self-healing for next-generation wearable sensors.

Keywords:
carbon quantum dotsconductive hydrogelsmulti‐ responsivenessmulti‐functionalityself‐healing capabilities

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Multi-responsive hydrogels are crucial for advanced wearable sensors, but current single-responsive materials have limitations.
  • Developing hydrogels with high sensitivity, stability, stretchability, and multi-responsiveness is a key research area.
  • Existing hydrogel sensors often exhibit performance limitations due to their single-responsive nature, restricting their applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel composite conductive hydrogel (CMAD) with enhanced multi-responsive properties.
  • To investigate the effect of carboxylated carbon quantum dots (CCQDs) on hydrogel performance.
  • To create a highly sensitive and stable hydrogel sensor for wearable applications.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of carboxylated carbon quantum dots (CCQDs) with an average particle size of 1.92 nm.
  • Fabrication of a composite conductive hydrogel (CMAD) using CCQDs, hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), and calcium polyacrylate copolymer (PAM-PAA-Ca).
  • Characterization of the hydrogel's mechanical properties, fluorescence, self-healing capabilities, and multi-responsive behavior to light, stress, and pH.

Main Results:

  • The incorporation of CCQDs significantly improved the hydrogel's crosslinking density, mechanical strength (stress: 363.1 kPa; strain: 658.1%), and self-healing properties.
  • The CMADs-x hydrogel demonstrated excellent fluorescence characteristics and high strain sensitivity (GF1 = 1.59; GF2 = 2.48; GF3 = 0.505).
  • The hydrogel exhibited rapid response and recovery times (0.3s) and multi-responsiveness to light, stress, and pH.

Conclusions:

  • The developed CMAD hydrogel, incorporating CCQDs, shows significant potential as a multi-responsive sensor for smart wearable applications.
  • This study provides valuable insights into designing next-generation hydrogel-based sensors with improved performance and multi-functionality.
  • The CCQD-enhanced hydrogel offers a promising platform for advancing wearable sensor technology.