Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 6, 2026
07:26
Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
Published on: May 4, 2020
3.9K
Leading With Humility: How Leadership Humility Drives Change-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behavior Through
Imran Saeed1, Wang Xigen1, Nasratullah Azizi2
1School of Law, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Psychological Reports
|November 19, 2025
Summary
Humble leadership fosters employee change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) by increasing readiness to change. Flexible work practices further enhance this effect in Pakistan
Area of Science:
- Organizational Behavior
- Educational Management
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Leadership humility's impact on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is underexplored, particularly in Pakistan's educational sector.
- Existing research lacks an integrated model examining moderated mediation in this context.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate how leadership humility influences change-oriented OCB in Pakistani educational institutions.
- To test a moderated mediation model with Readiness to Change as a mediator and flexible work practices as a moderator.
Main Methods:
- Random sampling of 291 employees from educational institutions in Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
- Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS (version 3) to analyze proposed hypotheses.
Main Results:
- Leadership humility significantly and positively impacts employees' change-oriented OCB.
- Readiness to change mediates the relationship between leadership humility and change-oriented OCB.
- Flexible work practices positively moderate the link between leadership humility and Readiness to Change.
Conclusions:
- Fostering humble leadership is crucial for promoting adaptive and proactive change behaviors in educational employees.
- Implementing flexible work arrangements can strengthen the positive influence of humble leadership on employee readiness for change.
- Findings offer valuable strategies for educational management to enhance organizational change initiatives.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Impact of Individuals on a Group
273
In social psychology, the interplay between individuals and groups is a central concern, particularly regarding how individual actions and characteristics influence group processes and outcomes. While much research emphasizes the group's power in shaping individual behavior, it is equally significant to understand how individuals contribute to the functioning, development, and success of groups.Individual Roles in Group Productivity and Decision-MakingIndividuals are not passive participants in...
273
01:08Obedience
35.1K
According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
35.1K
01:37Social Loafing
38.9K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
38.9K
01:30Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques VI
222
Adopting a healthier lifestyle often requires overcoming significant challenges, but leveraging psychological, social, and cultural resources can facilitate meaningful change. Effective self-change hinges on understanding and applying key tools such as motivation and goal setting, which help sustain efforts toward long-term health benefits.
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
Motivation and Self-Determination
Motivation, the driving force behind behavior, plays a pivotal role at every stage of the change process. The research...
222
01:30Self Within Cultural Contexts
171
Cultural frameworks for understanding the self are often categorized into two broad orientations: individualism and collectivism. These paradigms influence how people define themselves, relate to others, and interpret their social worlds. Each orientation offers distinct perspectives on autonomy, responsibility, and the role of the individual within a community.Individualistic CulturesIn individualistic cultures like North America and Western Europe, identity is understood as autonomous and...
171
01:23Actor-Observer Effect
299
The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
299