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Enhancing Proton Delocalization in Non-Sulfonated Membranes through Coupled Electron-Withdrawing Groups for

Yucong Liao1, Rui Wang1, Shengqiu Zhao2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.

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|November 19, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a new polymer membrane for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). This membrane significantly boosts proton conductivity and stability, enhancing fuel cell performance under demanding conditions.

Keywords:
electron-withdrawing groupshigh-temperature fuel cellproton conductivityproton delocalizationproton exchange membrane

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) offer advantages like CO tolerance and efficient thermal management.
  • Current limitations include poor proton conductivity at low humidity and insufficient high-temperature stability of polymer electrolytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-performance, nonsulfonated polymer membrane for HT-PEMFCs.
  • To enhance proton conductivity and thermal stability by increasing the acidity of protogenic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized a nonsulfonated perfluorosulfonimide-phenylphosphonic acid (PFSI-BPA) membrane.
  • Incorporated electron-withdrawing groups (sulfone, phenyl) to enhance protogenic group acidity.
  • Utilized in situ measurements and theoretical calculations to confirm properties.

Main Results:

  • The PFSI-BPA membrane showed 3.2 times higher proton conductivity than a control at 40% relative humidity (RH).
  • Achieved a peak power density of 2.44 W cm⁻² at 105 °C/40% RH, surpassing previous benchmarks.
  • Demonstrated improved water transport and proton conductivity under low humidity conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The PFSI-BPA membrane exhibits superior performance for practical HT-PEMFC applications.
  • Electron-withdrawing groups effectively enhance proton delocalization and membrane stability.
  • This research offers valuable insights for designing advanced polymer electrolytes for next-generation fuel cells.