Optimizing Dietary Concordance Through Self-Management in Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Indonesia

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-management dietary behaviors and dietary concordance among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in West Java, Indonesia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 278 adult patients with T2DM at a public hospital in West Java, Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validated questionnaires assessing self-management, dietary behaviors, and dietary concordance. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic data, and the Kendall Tau-c correlation analysis evaluated the association between self-management practices and dietary concordance.ResultsThe study demonstrated a positive association between self-management dietary behaviors and dietary concordance among patients with T2DM. Key practices such as meal planning, caloric awareness, and healthy food selection were linked to improved adherence, contributing to better glycemic stability and a reduced risk of diabetes-related complications. However, challenges such as dietary monotony (a lack of variety in meals) and limited nutritional knowledge remained obstacles to consistent engagement.ConclusionStrengthening self-management dietary behaviors is vital for enhancing dietary concordance in patients with T2DM. Targeted educational programs that emphasize meal planning, portion control, and food variety may significantly improve adherence. Integrating dietary management into routine clinical care and community health initiatives can bridge gaps between recommendations and patient habits. Expanding nutritional education and support in primary health care is essential for sustainable long-term adherence and improved health outcomes.